{"id":4565,"date":"2026-02-24T15:20:13","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:20:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.superfinemill.com\/?p=4565"},"modified":"2026-02-24T15:20:16","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:20:16","slug":"why-is-dispersibility-considered-the-bottleneck-restricting-the-modified-powder-industry-from-advancing-to-high-end-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.superfinemill.com\/vi\/why-is-dispersibility-considered-the-bottleneck-restricting-the-modified-powder-industry-from-advancing-to-high-end-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u00fat th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 chai c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cao c\u1ea5p?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i l\u00e0 \u201cy\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n\u201d quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. L\u00fd do n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do thi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hay k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n mang t\u00ednh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n. Ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac theo c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"three-roller-mill-coating-machine\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9t: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh (nh\u01b0 nano-canxi cacbonat, silica nung, titan dioxit anatase, v.v.) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn (10 nm\u20135 \u03bcm). C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea1o ra r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t si\u00eau m\u1ecbn<\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, canxi cacbonat v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t 100 nm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang l\u00e0 50\u201380 m\u00b2\/g \u2014 cao h\u01a1n 10\u201320 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc micromet. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u01b0a b\u00e3o h\u00f2a t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh "c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p" \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 c\u1ee9ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c nung, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh "li\u00ean k\u1ebft thi\u00eau k\u1ebft" th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i hydroxyl ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 10\u201320 kJ\/mol. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft do khu\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t nano-silica d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i<\/a>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea5y phun kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m h\u1ea1t c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 50 \u03bcm. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u1edf 1200 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 5\u201310 \u03bcm. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 c\u1ee5m h\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n kh\u00ed n\u00e9n (ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 0,8 MPa). Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f2n l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m silanol (\u2013SiOH) tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nano-silica t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro m\u1ea1nh, trong khi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m carboxyl v\u00e0 hydroxyl tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t titan dioxide t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ef1c h\u00fat t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo l\u00f4. \u0110i\u1ec1u tra cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m trong kho v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 65%, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean k\u1ebft hydro gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 sau 15 ng\u00e0y b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf 20 t\u1ea5n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"turbo-mill-coating-machine\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPh\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n\u201d c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n: Tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh\u2014nh\u01b0 gia c\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng, ch\u1eafn s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n\u2014ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong ma tr\u1eadn. Khi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ef1a, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng axit stearic v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gh\u00e9p l\u00e0 2,8%, cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0 1,5%. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 60% theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft ngang. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch TEM cho th\u1ea5y canxi cacbonat t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 5\u201310 \u03bcm trong ma tr\u1eadn polyetylen. Ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u00ean trong kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra li\u00ean k\u1ebft giao di\u1ec7n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00e3y gi\u00f2n. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eebng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ba ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 800.000 RMB. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 l\u00e0 do thi\u1ebfu x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u01a1n ph\u1ee7 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1n \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng titan dioxide bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt d\u1ea1ng v\u1ecf cam, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng (t\u1eeb 95\u00b0 xu\u1ed1ng 72\u00b0) v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng laser cho th\u1ea5y D50 = 1,2 \u03bcm, nh\u01b0ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 0,2 \u03bcm. \u0110i\u1ec1u tra cho th\u1ea5y l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 do l\u01b0\u1ee1i tr\u1ed9n b\u1ecb m\u00f2n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m h\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn trong ng\u00e0nh: \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u201c1\u201d, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u201c0\u201d. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n k\u00e9m c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng do c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a: Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u1edbn, "c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u do vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4. M\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao 5L trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1nh khu\u1ea5y l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 15 m\/s v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, trong khi m\u00e1y tr\u1ed9n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p 5000L th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 8\u201310 m\/s do h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1nh khu\u1ea5y. L\u1ef1c c\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u1ea5p 3 l\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng trung t\u00e2m, g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf trung t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t 10.000 t\u1ea5n, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng t\u1eeb 65% l\u00ean 92% ch\u1ec9 sau khi b\u1ed5 sung b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a g\u00f3c c\u00e1nh khu\u1ea5y (t\u1eeb 45\u00b0 l\u00ean 60\u00b0) v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n (giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u 1000 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa 800 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i 600 v\u00f2ng\/ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t h\u00f3a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo m\u1ebb trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. C\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u (\u00b15%). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. Trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n graphene, s\u1ef1 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn 12 t\u1ea5n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c pin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua nguy c\u01a1 v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nano-silica, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi (TEM \u226590% h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a1n), nh\u01b0ng sau 1200 km v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c 35%. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00fai composite nh\u00f4m-nh\u1ef1a h\u00fat ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00fai \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u226425 kg (\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb n\u00e9n), m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i t\u0103ng th\u00eam 12%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"pin-mill-coating-machine\"
m\u00e1y ph\u1ee7 tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u201cS\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u201d trong c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1: L\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf kh\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp theo, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 "\u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng" tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m tra hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ri\u00eang. M\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng laser \u0111o \u201ck\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t bi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ri\u00eang l\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m h\u1ea1t k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu titan dioxide \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh cho th\u1ea5y D50 = 0,3 \u03bcm (\u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n) theo ph\u00e2n t\u00edch laser, nh\u01b0ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed qu\u00e9t (SEM) l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m h\u1ea1t m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb 0,5\u20131 \u03bcm. K\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed truy\u1ec1n qua (TEM) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i vi m\u00f4, nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c microgam, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m tra ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i. M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ef1a epoxy so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng polyurethane.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, canxi cacbonat bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u1ed1ng PVC y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ma tr\u1eadn nh\u1ef1a\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, alumina bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh d\u00f9ng cho ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cs\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a1n \u1edf quy m\u00f4 nano v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eafng \u2264 0,5% trong v\u00f2ng 24 gi\u1edd\u201d. M\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty t\u1eebng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t silicon vi m\u00f4 bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh cho hai kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng: m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong men g\u1ed1m (n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c), trong khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kia s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea3n quang (y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1ee5). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, ba b\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i g\u1ed1c axit b\u00e9o sang polycarboxylat, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng chi ph\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean g\u1ea7n 50%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a>: Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh trong b\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u1eb1m \u1edf xu h\u01b0\u1edbng k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1eaft khe c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y n\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ba chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n